Karakteristik Cairan Cerebrospinal pada Pemeriksaan Pungsi Lumbal
| Condition | Cells | Protein | Glucose | Other Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial infection | WBC >50/mm3, often greatly increased | 100–250 mg% | 20–50 mg%; usually lower than half of blood glucose level | Gram stain shows organisms; pressure increased |
| Viral, fungal, spirochetal infection | WBC 10–100/mm3 | 50–200 mg% | Normal or slightly reduced | Special culture techniques required; pressure normal or slightly increased |
| Tuberculous infection | WBC >25/mm3 | 100–1,000 mg% | <50, often markedly reduced | Special culture techniques and PCR may be needed to detect organisms |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | RBC >500/mm3; slight increase in WBC | 60–150 mg% | Normal | Must be distinguished from traumatic lumbar puncture by presence of xanthochromia of spun sample; greatly increased pressure |
| Cerebral hemorrhage, trauma | RBC 50–200/mm3; higher if ventricular rupture of blood | 50–150 mg% | Normal | Pressure may be elevated |
| Ischemic stroke | Normal or few WBC | Normal | Normal | Normal pressure unless brain swelling |
| Multiple sclerosis | Normal or few WBC | Normal or slightly increased | Normal | Increased IgG fraction and oligoclonal bands |
| Meningeal cancer | WBC 10–100/mm3 | Usually elevated | Normal or depressed | Neoplastic cells in CSF; elevation of certain protein markers (e.g., Beta 2-microglobulin) |
Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology 9th Edition (McGraw-Hill) 2009