The prime purpose of this atlas is to help the pathologist find, classify and differentially diagnose the changes he is observing.
Information on the daily changes during the menstrual cycle and how to date them is essential for recognizing changes caused by abnormal endogenic and iatrogenic hormonal stimuli in functional endometrial disturbances. To provide their patients with the proper hormonal therapy, gynecologists cannot rely on blood samples only because of the constantly fluctuating hormonal levels. A precise functional diagnosis of the endometrial biopsy is the most accurate and best means for assessing hormonal action. Numerous microphotographs explain in detail how to recognize the normal and pathological changes that can develop in the endometrium. The subject of endometritis and the complex endometrial neoplasms and their precursors, with their differential diagnosis as well as their clinical prognosis are covered in detail. To complete the endometrial histopathology, gestational changes are reviewed and illustrated in the last chapter.
Key Features
- Comprehensive, yet concise reference for the practicing pathologist.
- Hands-on guide to the precise diagnosis of physiological and pathological changes to the endometrium.
- Updated, revised and expanded new edition with high quality illustrations.
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction to the First Edition
Chapter 2 Technical Remarks
- 2.1 Procedures for Obtaining Endometrial Tissue
- 2.2 Selection of the Proper Time for Curettage
- 2.3 Preparation of the Endometrial Specimen
- 2.4 Interpretation of Endometrial Specimens
Chapter 3 Normal Endometrium
- 3.1 Normal Menstrual Cycle
- 3.1.1 Proliferative Phase
- 3.1.2 Secretory Phase
- 3.1.3 Menstruation
- 3.1.4 Regeneration
- 3.2 Physiologic Variations in the Climacterium
- 3.2.1 Proliferative Phase
- 3.2.2 Secretory Phase
- 3.3 Normal Postmenopausal Endometrium
- 3.4 Isthmus Mucosa
Chapter 4 Metaplastic Changes
- 4.1 Epithelial Metaplasia
- 4.1.1 Squamous Metaplasia and Ichthyosis
- 4.1.2 Mucinous Metaplasia
- 4.1.3 Papillary (Syncytial) Metaplasia
- 4.1.4 Tubal (Ciliated Cell) Metaplasia
- 4.1.5 Rare Forms of Metaplasia of Endometrial Glandular Epithelium
- 4.2 Stromal Metaplasia
Chapter 5 Circulatory Disturbances
- 5.1 Pathologic Edema
- 5.2 Lymphatic Cysts
- 5.3 Apoplexia Uteri
Chapter 6 Functional Disturbances
- 6.1 Anovulatory Disturbances
- 6.1.1 Atrophy
- 6.1.2 Resting Endometrium
- 6.1.3 Deficient Proliferation
- 6.1.4 Irregular (Disordered) Proliferation
- 6.1.5 Anovulatory Withdrawal Bleeding
- 6.2 Endometrial Hyperplasia
- 6.2.1 Nonatypical Hyperplasia
- 6.2.2 Atypical Hyperplasia
- 6.2.3 Special Findings in Hyperplasia
- 6.2.4 Genetic Instability
- 6.2.5 Clinical and Morphologic Distinction of Complex and Atypical Hyperplasia
- 6.2.6 Hyperplasia of Glands and Stroma
- 6.2.7 Focal Hyperplasia
- 6.2.8 Basal Hyperplasia
- 6.2.9 Endometrial Polyps
- 6.3 Ovulatory Disturbances
- 6.3.1 Deficient Secretory Phase
- 6.3.2 Irregular Shedding
- 6.3.3 Abnormal Decidual Shedding
- 6.4 Functional Endogenous Changes During the Perimenopausal Period
- 6.4.1 Secretory Hypertrophy
Chapter 7 Iatrogenic Changes
- 7.1 After Hormone Therapy
- 7.1.1 Estrogen-Induced Hyperplasia
- 7.1.2 Gestagen Therapy
- 7.1.3 Gestagen Therapy of Atypical Hyperplasia or Adenocarcinoma
- 7.1.4 Combination Therapy
- 7.1.5 Hormones for Inducing Ovulation
- 7.1.6 Therapy with Tamoxifen
- 7.2 After Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
- 7.2.1 Mechanical Decidualization
- 7.2.2 Perifocal Arrested Secretion
- 7.2.3 Surface Reaction Following Copper Devices
- 7.2.4 Endometritis
- 7.3 After Intrauterine Instillation
- 7.3.1 Histiocytic Storage Reaction
Chapter 8 Endometritis
- 8.1 Acute Endometritis
- 8.2 Chronic Endometritis
- 8.3 Tuberculous Endometritis
- 8.4 Sarcoidosis
- 8.5 Actinomycosis
- 8.6 Foreign Body Granuloma
Chapter 9 Neoplasms
- 9.1 Carcinomas
- 9.1.1 Adenocarcinomas of the Endometrioid Type
- 9.1.2 Carcinomas of the Nonendometrioid Müllerian Type
- 9.2 Stromal Tumors
- 9.2.1 Endometrial Stromal Nodule
- 9.2.2 Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma, low grade
- 9.2.3 Undifferentiated Endometrial Sarcoma
- 9.2.4 Malignant Mixed Mesenchymal Tumors
- 9.3 Mesodermal Mixed Tumors
- 9.3.1 Adenofibroma
- 9.3.2 Atypical Polypoid Adenomyoma
- 9.3.3 Adenosarcoma
- 9.3.4 Carcinofibroma
- 9.3.5 Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Müllerian Mixed Tumor), Homologous Type
- 9.3.6 Carcinosarcoma (Malignant Müllerian Mixed Tumor), Heterologous Type
- 9.4 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET)
- 9.5 Malignant Lymphomas and Hematopoietic Neoplasms
- 9.5.1 Lymphomas and Lymphatic Leukemias
- 9.5.2 Myeloid Leukemias and Sarcomas
- 9.6 Leiomyomas as Components of Endometrial Specimens
- 9.7 Secondary Tumors
- 9.7.1 Metastases from Primary Breast Carcinoma
- 9.7.2 Leukemic Infiltrations
- 9.7.3 Endometrial Involvement from Primary Carcinoma of the Cervix
Chapter 10 Gestational Changes
- 10.1 Normal Trophoblast
- 10.2 Spontaneous Abortion
- 10.3 Partial Hydatidiform Mole
- 10.4 Complete Hydatidiform Mole
- 10.5 Invasive Mole
- 10.6 Choriocarcinoma
- 10.7 Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor (PSTT)
- 10.8 Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor (ETT)
- 10.9 Placental Site Nodule (PSN)
- References
- Index