Reference Values for Laboratory Tests (Part 1): Hematology and Coagulation

Nilai Rujukan Pemeriksaan Laboratorium (Bag. 1): Hematologi Dan Koagulasi 

Analyte Specimena  SI Units Conventional Units Activated clotting time WB 70–180 s 70–180 seconds Activated protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden) P Not applicable Ratio > 2.1 Alpha2 antiplasmin P 0.87–1.55 87–155% Antiphospholipid antibody panel   PTT-LA (Lupus anticoagulant screen) P Negative Negative   Platelet neutralization procedure P Negative Negative   Dilute viper venom screen P Negative Negative   Anticardiolipin antibody S     IgG 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 GPL     IgM 0–15 arbitrary units 0–15 MPL Antithrombin III P   Antigenic 220–390 mg/L 22–39 mg/dL   Functional 0.7–1.30 U/L 70–130% Anti-Xa assay (heparin assay) P   Unfractionated heparin 0.3–0.7 kIU/L 0.3–0.7 IU/mL   Low-molecular-weight heparin 0.5–1.0 kIU/L 0.5–1.0 IU/mL   Danaparoid (Orgaran) 0.5–0.8 kIU/L 0.5–0.8 IU/mL Autohemolysis test WB 0.004–0.045 0.4%–4.50% Autohemolysis test with glucose WB 0.003–0.007 0.3%–0.7% Bleeding time (adult) <7.1 min <7.1 min Bone marrow: see Table 8 Clot retraction WB 0.50–1.00/2 h 50–100%/2 h Cryofibrinogen P Negative Negative D-Dimer  P 0.22–0.74 g/mL 0.22–0.74 g/mL Differential blood count WB   Neutrophils 0.40–0.70 40–70%   Bands 0.0–0.05 0–5%   Lymphocytes 0.20–0.50 20–50%   Monocytes 0.04–0.08 4–8%   Eosinophils 0.0–0.6 0–6%   Basophils 0.0–0.02 0–2% Eosinophil count WB 150–300/L 150–300/mm3 Erythrocyte count WB   Adult males 4.30–5.60 x 1012/L 4.30–5.60 x 106/mm3   Adult females 4.00–5.20 x 1012/L 4.00–5.20 x 106/mm3 Erythrocyte life span WB   Normal survival 120 days 120 days   Chromium labeled, half life (t1/2) 25–35 days 25–35 days Erythrocyte sedimentation rate WB   Females 0–20 mm/h 0–20 mm/h   Males 0–15 mm/h 0–15 mm/h Euglobulin lysis time P 7200–14400 s 120–240 min Factor II, prothrombin P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor V P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor VII P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor VIII P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor IX P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor X P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor XI P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor XII P 0.50–1.50 50–150% Factor XIII screen P Not applicable Present Factor inhibitor assay P < 0.5 Bethesda Units < 0.5 Bethesda Units Fibrin(ogen) degradation products P 0–1 mg/L 0–1 g/mL Fibrinogen P 2.33–4.96 g/L 233–496 mg/dL Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (erythrocyte) WB < 2400 s <40 min Ham's test (acid serum) WB Negative Negative Hematocrit WB   Adult males 0.388–0.464 38.8–46.4   Adult females 0.354–0.444 35.4–44.4 Hemoglobin   Plasma P 6–50 mg/L 0.6–5.0 mg/dL   Whole blood WB     Adult males 133–162 g/L 13.3–16.2 g/dL     Adult females 120–158 g/L 12.0–15.8 g/dL Hemoglobin electrophoresis WB   Hemoglobin A 0.95–0.98 95–98%   Hemoglobin A2 0.015–0.031 1.5–3.1%   Hemoglobin F 0–0.02 0–2.0%   Hemoglobins other than A, A2, or F Absent Absent Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia antibody P Negative Negative Joint fluid crystal JF Not applicable No crystals seen Joint fluid mucin JF Not applicable Only type I mucin present Leukocytes   Alkaline phosphatase (LAP) WB 0.2–1.6 kat/L 13–100 /L   Count (WBC) WB 3.54–9.06 x 109/L 3.54–9.06 x 103/mm3 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) WB 26.7–31.9 pg/cell 26.7–31.9 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) WB 323–359 g/L 32.3–35.9 g/dL Mean corpuscular hemoglobin of reticulocytes (CH) WB 24–36 pg 24–36 pg Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) WB 79–93.3 fL 79–93.3 m3 Mean platelet volume (MPV) WB 9.00–12.95 fL 9.00–12.95 m3 Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes WB   Direct 0.0035–0.0045 0.35–0.45%   Index 0.0030–0.0065 0.30–0.65% Partial thromboplastin time, activated P 26.3–39.4 s 26.3–39.4 s Plasminogen P   Antigen 84–140 mg/L 8.4–14.0 mg/dL   Functional 0.70–1.30 70–130% Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 P 4–43 g/L 4–43 ng/mL Platelet aggregation PRP Not applicable > 65% aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, collagen, ristocetin, and arachidonic acid Platelet count WB 165–415 x 109/L 165–415 x 103/mm3 Platelet, mean volume WB 6.4–11 fL 6.4–11.0 m3 Prekallikrein assay P 0.50–1.5 50–150% Prekallikrein screen P No deficiency detected Protein C P   Total antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140%   Functional 0.70–1.30 70–130% Protein S P   Total antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140%   Functional 0.65–1.40 65–140%   Free antigen 0.70–1.40 70–140% Prothrombin gene mutation G20210A WB Not applicable Not present Prothrombin time P 12.7–15.4 s 12.7–15.4 s Protoporphyrin, free erythrocyte WB 0.28–0.64 mol/L of red blood cells 16–36 g/dL of red blood cells Red cell distribution width WB < 0.145 < 14.5% Reptilase time P 16–23.6 s 16–23.6 s Reticulocyte count WB   Adult males 0.008–0.023 red cells 0.8–2.3% red cells   Adult females 0.008–0.020 red cells 0.8–2.0% red cells Reticulocyte hemoglobin content WB >26 pg/cell >26 pg/cell Ristocetin cofactor (functional von Willebrand factor) P   Blood group O 0.75 mean of normal 75% mean of normal   Blood group A 1.05 mean of normal 105% mean of normal   Blood group B 1.15 mean of normal 115% mean of normal   Blood group AB 1.25 mean of normal 125% mean of normal Sickle cell test WB Negative Negative Sucrose hemolysis WB <0.1 <10% hemolysis Thrombin time P 15.3–18.5 s 15.3–18.5 s Total eosinophils WB 150–300 x 106/L 150–300/mm3 Transferrin receptor S, P 9.6–29.6 nmol/L 9.6–29.6 nmol/L Viscosity   Plasma P 1.7–2.1 1.7–2.1   Serum S 1.4–1.8 1.4–1.8 Von Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen (factor VIII:R antigen) P   Blood group O 0.75 mean of normal 75% mean of normal   Blood group A 1.05 mean of normal 105% mean of normal   Blood group B 1.15 mean of normal 115% mean of normal   Blood group AB 1.25 mean of normal 125% mean of normal Von Willebrand factor multimers P Normal distribution Normal distribution White blood cells: see "leukocytes"

aP, plasma; JF, joint fluid; PRP, platelet-rich plasma; S, serum; WB, whole blood.

Referensi : Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 17th Edition (McGraw-Hill) 2008

Tags: Lecture Notes