Klasifikasi Tremor
Tremor is a rhythmic, involuntary, oscillatory movement of
body parts. It is the most common movement disorder. There are several types of
tremor with differing underlying physiologic or pathologic etiologies. Tremors may also be caused by alcohol and by numerous drugs, including
amphetamines, beta-adrenergic agonists,
caffeine, lithium, neuroleptic agents, steroids, and tricyclic
antidepressants.
Classification of Tremors
|
|
| Category of Tremor |
Tremor Characteristics |
Associated Medical
Conditions |
| Rest Tremors |
Frequency: low to medium
(3–6 Hz) |
Parkinsonism |
|
Rubral (midbrain)
tremor |
| Occurs in a
body part that is not voluntarily activated and is completely supported against
gravity |
Wilson disease |
Severe essential tremor
|
| Action Tremors |
Occurs during any
voluntary movement |
Dystonic tremor |
| Postural
tremors |
Frequency: medium to high
(4–12 Hz) |
(Enhanced) physiologic
tremor |
| Occurs when a
body part (limb) is maintaining a posture against the force of gravity |
Essential
tremor |
| Orthostatic
tremor |
| Psychogenic
tremor |
| Rubral tremor |
| Neuropathic tremor
|
| (Enhanced) physiologic
tremor |
| Kinetic tremors |
|
|
| Simple
kinetic tremors |
Frequency: 3–10 Hz |
|
| Occurs with
non–target-directed movement of extremities (eg, pronation-supination or
flexion-extension wrist movements) |
| Intention
tremors |
Frequency: < 5 Hz |
Cerebellar etiology (eg,
multiple sclerosis, trauma, stroke, tumor, vascular disease, Wilson disease,
drug- or toxin-induced) |
| Occurs with
target-directed movement (eg, finger-to-nose) |
Rubral tremor |
| Task-specific
intention tremors |
Frequency: 5–7 Hz |
Primary writing
tremor |
| Involves skilled, highly
learned motor acts (eg, writing, sewing, playing musical instruments) |
Musician's
tremor |
| Isometric
tremors |
Frequency: 4–6 Hz |
|
| Occurs with muscle
contraction against a stationary object |
| Miscellaneous Tremors |
|
Myoclonus |
| Convulsions |
| Asterixis |
| Fasciculation |
| Clonus |
| Psychogenic |
|
|
Referensi:
Current Diagnosis & Treatment Family Medicine 2nd Edition (McGraw-Hill) 2007